WESTERN PHILOSOPHY MCQs
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Hume's distinction between impressions and ideas in Western philosophy:
1. According to Hume, what is the fundamental
difference between impressions and ideas?
a) Impressions are more vivid and forceful than ideas.
b) Impressions are innate, while ideas are acquired through experience.
c) Impressions are abstract, while ideas are concrete.
d) Impressions are external perceptions, while ideas are internal
thoughts.
Answer: a) Impressions are more vivid and forceful than ideas.
2. Hume's distinction between impressions
and ideas is essential to his theory of:
a) Rationalism
b) Empiricism
c)
Idealism
d) Materialism
Answer: b) Empiricism
3. According to Hume, what are
impressions?
a) Mental copies of external objects and events.
b) Vivid and lively perceptions derived from sensory experiences.
c) Innate ideas present from birth.
d) Abstract concepts formed through reflection.
Answer: b) Vivid and lively perceptions derived from sensory
experiences.
4. What term does Hume use to refer to
less lively copies of sensations in the mind?
a) Concepts
b) Ideas
c) Perceptions
d) Impressions
Answer: b) Ideas
5. According to Hume's theory, ideas are
derived from:
a) Innate principles of the mind.
b) Rational intuition.
c) Sensory experiences and impressions.
d) Abstract reasoning.
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and impressions.
6. How does Hume describe the
relationship between impressions and ideas?
a) Ideas are direct copies of impressions.
b) Impressions are derived from ideas through reflection.
c) Impressions are more vivid and forceful than ideas.
d) Ideas are independent of impressions.
Answer: a) Ideas are direct copies of impressions.
7. Hume argues that all complex ideas are
ultimately composed of:
a) Innate principles and abstract reasoning.
b) Simple impressions and ideas.
c) Mathematical concepts and geometrical figures.
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs.
Answer: b) Simple impressions and ideas.
8. How does Hume explain the formation of
complex ideas?
a) They are innate and present from birth.
b) They are constructed through mathematical reasoning.
c) They are composed of simple ideas combined by the mind.
d) They are products of divine intervention.
Answer: c) They are composed of simple ideas combined by the mind.
9. Hume's distinction between impressions
and ideas challenges which traditional philosophical notion?
a) Rational intuition
b) Innate knowledge
c) Abstract concepts
d) Divine revelation
Answer: b) Innate knowledge
10. According to Hume, what is the
primary source of human knowledge?
a) Rational deduction
b) Innate ideas
c) Sensory experience and impressions
d) Abstract reasoning
Answer: c) Sensory experience and impressions
11. Hume's theory of impressions and
ideas is closely related to his philosophy of:
a) Idealism
b) Materialism
c) Empiricism
d) Nihilism
Answer: c) Empiricism
12. Hume argues that all human thoughts
and beliefs can ultimately be traced back to:
a) Abstract reasoning and mathematics
b) Innate principles and divine revelations
c) Sensory experiences and impressions
d) Rational intuition and innate ideas
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and impressions
13. How does Hume describe the nature of
simple impressions?
a) They are vague and indistinct perceptions.
b) They are vivid and forceful perceptions derived from the external
world.
c) They are abstract concepts formed through reflection.
d) They are innate ideas present from birth.
Answer: b) They are vivid and forceful perceptions derived from the
external world.
14. What is Hume's view on the origin of
complex ideas that are not directly based on specific impressions?
a) Complex ideas are innate and present from birth.
b) Complex ideas are derived from divine revelation.
c) Complex ideas are constructed from combinations of simple ideas.
d) Complex ideas are products of abstract reasoning.
Answer: c) Complex ideas are constructed from combinations of simple
ideas.
15. How does Hume explain the difference
between simple and complex ideas in terms of their origins?
a) Simple ideas are innate, while complex ideas are derived from sensory
experiences.
b) Simple ideas are more vivid and forceful than complex ideas.
c) Simple ideas are derived from abstract concepts, while complex ideas
are derived from impressions.
d) Simple ideas are direct copies of specific impressions, while complex
ideas result from combining multiple simple ideas.
Answer: d) Simple ideas are direct copies of specific impressions, while
complex ideas result from combining multiple simple ideas.
16. Hume's theory of impressions and
ideas challenges the traditional notion that human knowledge is based on:
a) Abstract reasoning and mathematical principles
b) Innate ideas and rational intuition
c) Divine revelation and religious beliefs
d) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence
Answer: b) Innate ideas and rational intuition
17. According to Hume, how do complex
ideas relate to the original impressions from which they are derived?
a) Complex ideas are completely independent of the original impressions.
b) Complex ideas are exact copies of the original impressions.
c) Complex ideas are mere abstractions of the original impressions.
d) Complex ideas cannot be traced back to specific impressions.
Answer: c) Complex ideas are mere abstractions of the original
impressions.
18. Hume's distinction between
impressions and ideas is essential for understanding his views on which
philosophical problem?
a) The nature of time and space
b) The problem of external world skepticism
c) The mind-body problem
d) The existence of God
Answer: b) The problem of external world skepticism
19. According to Hume, what is the
relationship between impressions and the external world?
a) Impressions are exact representations of the external world.
b) Impressions are illusions created by the mind.
c) Impressions are independent of the external world.
d) Impressions are direct experiences of the external world.
Answer: d) Impressions are direct experiences of the external world.
20. How does Hume's distinction between
impressions and ideas impact his theory of causation?
a) It supports the idea that causation is an innate principle.
b) It challenges the notion that causation can be known through reason.
c) It affirms that causation is a product of divine intervention.
d) It denies the existence of causal connections between events.
Answer: b) It challenges the notion that causation can be known through
reason.
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Hume's distinction
between judgments concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning
matters of fact in Western philosophy:
1. According to Hume, what is the primary
distinction between judgments concerning relations of ideas and judgments
concerning matters of fact?
a) Judgments concerning relations of ideas are based on empirical
evidence.
b) Judgments concerning matters of fact are certain and undeniable.
c) Judgments concerning relations of ideas are synthetic, while
judgments concerning matters of fact are analytic.
d) Judgments concerning matters of fact are based on logical reasoning.
Answer: c) Judgments concerning relations of ideas are synthetic, while
judgments concerning matters of fact are analytic.
2. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact is
crucial to his philosophy of:
a) Idealism
b) Empiricism
c) Materialism
d) Nihilism
Answer: b) Empiricism
3. According to Hume, judgments
concerning relations of ideas are a priori, meaning they are based on:
a) Abstract reasoning and logic
b) Sensory experiences and impressions
c) Innate knowledge and principles
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: a) Abstract reasoning and logic
4. Judgments concerning relations of
ideas are:
a) Certain and undeniable
b) Derived from external experiences
c) Based on empirical evidence
d) Contingent and uncertain
Answer: a) Certain and undeniable
5. According to Hume, what is an example
of a judgment concerning relations of ideas?
a) "All bachelors
are unmarried."
b) "The sun will
rise tomorrow."
c) "Water boils at
100 degrees Celsius."
d) "The apple fell
from the tree."
Answer: a) "All bachelors are unmarried."
6. Hume argues that judgments concerning
relations of ideas are necessarily true because they are based on:
a) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence
b) The law of non-contradiction
c) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
d) Innate knowledge and principles
Answer: b) The law of non-contradiction
7. According to Hume, what type of
necessity is found in judgments concerning relations of ideas?
a) Logical necessity
b) Causal necessity
c) Physical necessity
d) Contingent necessity
Answer: a) Logical necessity
8. Judgments concerning matters of fact
are a posteriori, meaning they are based on:
a) Abstract reasoning and logic
b) Sensory experiences and impressions
c) Innate knowledge and principles
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: b) Sensory experiences and impressions
9. Hume argues that judgments concerning
matters of fact are contingent because they are:
a) Derived from external experiences
b) Based on empirical evidence
c) Subject to change and revision
d) Certain and undeniable
Answer: c) Subject to change and revision
10. According to Hume, what is an example
of a judgment concerning matters of fact?
a) "All bachelors
are unmarried."
b) "The sun will
rise tomorrow."
c) "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."
d) "The apple fell
from the tree."
Answer: d) "The apple fell from the tree."
11. Hume argues that judgments concerning
matters of fact are contingent because they depend on:
a) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
b) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence
c) The law of non-contradiction
d) Innate knowledge and principles
Answer: b) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence
12. According to Hume, what type of
necessity is found in judgments concerning matters of fact?
a) Logical necessity
b) Causal necessity
c) Physical necessity
d) Contingent necessity
Answer: b) Causal necessity
13. How does Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact relate
to the problem of induction?
a) It provides a solution to the problem of induction by offering
certain knowledge.
b) It highlights the limitations of induction and the uncertainty of
empirical claims.
c) It supports the idea that induction is based on innate principles.
d) It asserts that the problem of induction is a result of false
reasoning.
Answer: b) It highlights the limitations of induction and the
uncertainty of empirical claims.
14. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact supports
his philosophical stance known as:
a) Materialism
b) Empiricism
c) Idealism
d) Rationalism
Answer: b) Empiricism
15. Hume argues that judgments concerning
relations of ideas can be known:
a) Through abstract reasoning alone
b) Only through empirical evidence and sensory experiences
c) Through innate knowledge and principles
d) Through divine revelation and religious beliefs
Answer: a) Through abstract reasoning alone
16. How does Hume explain the necessary
connection between cause and effect in judgments concerning matters of fact?
a) He asserts that causal connections are directly perceived through the
senses.
b) He denies the existence of necessary connections and argues that they
are mere habits of thought.
c) He posits that necessary connections are innate principles present
from birth.
d) He argues that necessary connections are discovered through abstract
reasoning.
Answer: b) He denies the existence of necessary connections and argues
that they are mere habits of thought.
17. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact has
significant implications for our understanding of:
a) Innate knowledge and principles
b) The existence of God
c) The nature of causation and induction
d) The nature of time and space
Answer: c) The nature of causation and induction
18. According to Hume, which type of
knowledge is more secure and reliable?
a) Knowledge based on innate principles
b) Knowledge based on empirical evidence
c) Knowledge based on abstract reasoning
d) Knowledge based on divine revelation
Answer: c) Knowledge based on abstract reasoning
19. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact
challenges which traditional philosophical notion?
a) The law of non-contradiction
b) The existence of necessary connections
c) The reliability of empirical knowledge
d) The certainty of innate principles
Answer: b) The existence of necessary connections
20. According to Hume, which type of
judgment is certain and undeniable?
a) Judgments concerning relations of ideas
b) Judgments concerning matters of fact
c) Both types of judgments are equally certain.
d) Neither type of judgment is certain.
Answer: a) Judgments concerning relations of ideas
21. Judgments concerning relations of
ideas are based on:
a) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence.
b) Abstract reasoning and logical connections.
c) Innate knowledge and principles.
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs.
Answer: b) Abstract reasoning
and logical connections.
22. How does Hume's distinction between
judgments concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of
fact impact the nature of knowledge?
a) It emphasizes that all knowledge is based on empirical evidence.
b) It challenges the possibility of certain knowledge in matters of
fact.
c) It confirms the existence of innate ideas as the foundation of
knowledge.
d) It asserts that knowledge is solely derived from divine revelations.
Answer: b) It challenges the possibility of certain knowledge in matters
of fact.
23. According to Hume, judgments
concerning relations of ideas are certain because they are:
a) Derived from external experiences.
b) Contingent and uncertain.
c) Based on empirical evidence.
d) Necessarily true by definition.
Answer: d) Necessarily true by definition.
24. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact is
essential for understanding his views on which philosophical problem?
a) The nature of time and space.
b) The problem of external world skepticism.
c) The mind-body problem.
d) The existence of God.
Answer: b) The problem of external world skepticism.
25. According to Hume, which type of
judgment provides us with new knowledge about the world?
a) Judgments concerning relations of ideas.
b) Judgments concerning matters of fact.
c) Both types of judgments provide new knowledge.
d) Neither type of judgment provides new knowledge.
Answer: b) Judgments concerning matters of fact.
26. Judgments concerning relations of
ideas are based on:
a) Abstract reasoning and logical principles.
b) Sensory experiences and empirical evidence.
c) Innate knowledge and principles.
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs.
Answer: a) Abstract reasoning and logical principles.
27. How does Hume's distinction between
judgments concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of
fact impact our understanding of causation?
a) It confirms the existence of necessary connections in causation.
b) It challenges the notion of necessary connections in causation.
c) It denies the existence of causation altogether.
d) It asserts that causation is based on innate principles.
Answer: b) It challenges the notion of necessary connections in
causation.
28. According to Hume, which type of
judgment is based on empirical evidence and sensory experiences?
a) Judgments concerning relations of ideas.
b) Judgments concerning matters of fact.
c) Both types of judgments are based on empirical evidence.
d) Neither type of judgment is based on empirical evidence.
Answer: b) Judgments concerning matters of fact.
29. How does Hume's distinction between
judgments concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of
fact impact our understanding of the external world?
a) It confirms the existence of the external world independent of
perception.
b) It denies the existence of the external world beyond human cognition.
c) It suggests that the external world is a projection of the mind.
d) It asserts that the external world is composed of innate principles.
Answer: c) It suggests that the external world is a projection of the
mind.
30. Hume's distinction between judgments
concerning relations of ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact has
significant implications for our understanding of:
a) The existence of God and divine revelations.
b) The nature of causation and the problem of induction.
c) The distinction between mind and body.
d) The objectivity of moral values.
Answer: b) The nature of causation and the problem of induction.
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Hume's Theory of
Causality in Western philosophy:
1. According to Hume's Theory of
Causality, what is the source of our idea of causation?
a) Innate knowledge
b) Divine revelation
c) Reason and logic
d) Constant conjunction of events
Answer: d) Constant conjunction of events
2. Hume argues that our idea of causality
is not derived from:
a)
Sensory experiences
b) Abstract reasoning
c) Customary observations
d) Contiguity in time and space
Answer: b) Abstract reasoning
3. Hume's theory challenges the
traditional notion of causation as a:
a) Necessary connection between events
b) Regular succession of events
c) Chain of logical reasoning
d) Predictable sequence of events
Answer: a) Necessary connection between events
4. According to Hume, why do we perceive
a necessary connection between cause and effect?
a) It is a result of divine intervention.
b) It is an inherent property of causation.
c) It is a mental habit formed through constant conjunction.
d) It is a direct perception through the senses.
Answer: c) It is a mental habit formed through constant conjunction.
5. How does Hume explain the belief in
necessary connection between cause and effect?
a) It is a fundamental principle of reason.
b) It is an illusion created by the mind.
c) It is a divine revelation.
d) It is derived from innate knowledge.
Answer: b) It is an illusion created by the mind.
6. Hume argues that we cannot perceive
necessary connections because:
a) They are beyond the capacity of human reason.
b) They are present in every causal relationship.
c) They are a product of divine intervention.
d) They are not given in our impressions.
Answer: d) They are not given in our impressions.
7. According to Hume, how do we form the
idea of causality from our sensory experiences?
a) Through direct perception of necessary connections
b) By observing constant conjunction of events
c) By relying on abstract reasoning
d) Through divine revelations
Answer: b) By observing constant conjunction
of events
8. Hume's theory of causality is closely
related to his broader philosophical perspective known as:
a) Empiricism
b) Rationalism
c) Idealism
d) Materialism
Answer: a) Empiricism
9. How does Hume define causation in his
theory?
a) The necessary connection between events
b) The constant conjunction of events
c) The logical relationship between events
d) The temporal order of events
Answer: b) The constant conjunction of events
10. According to Hume, why do we believe
that causation involves necessary connection?
a) It is a fundamental principle of reason.
b) It is an inherent property of causation.
c) It is a product of divine revelation.
d) It is a result of habit and custom.
Answer: d) It is a result of habit and custom.
11. Hume's theory of causality challenges
the idea that causation is:
a) An observable phenomenon
b) A product of logical reasoning
c) A necessary and essential relationship
d) A predictable sequence of events
Answer: c) A necessary and essential relationship
12. According to Hume, how do we acquire
the concept of causation?
a) Through abstract reasoning and logical principles
b) Through direct perception of necessary connections
c) Through observing constant conjunction of events
d) Through divine revelation and innate knowledge
Answer: c) Through observing constant conjunction of events
13. Hume's theory of causality suggests
that our belief in necessary connections is:
a) Based on sensory experiences and empirical evidence
b) A result of innate ideas present from birth
c) A product of abstract reasoning and logical principles
d) An illusion created by the mind
Answer: d) An illusion created by the mind
14. How does Hume's theory of causality
impact our understanding of the external world?
a) It confirms the existence of necessary connections in nature.
b) It denies the existence of causation altogether.
c) It challenges the notion of necessary connections in causal
relationships.
d) It asserts that the external world is an illusion.
Answer: c) It challenges the notion of necessary connections in causal
relationships.
15. According to Hume, what is the
relationship between cause and effect in the constant conjunction of events?
a) Cause and effect are necessarily connected in all instances.
b) Cause and effect are observed to occur together but are not
necessarily connected.
c) Cause and effect are unrelated events.
d) Cause and effect are experienced as distinct events.
Answer: b) Cause and effect are observed to occur together but are not
necessarily connected.
16. Hume's theory of causality is an
important critique of which traditional philosophical view?
a) Empiricism
b) Materialism
c) Rationalism
d) Nihilism
Answer: c) Rationalism
17. According to Hume, what is the basis
for our belief in causation?
a) Logical reasoning and rational principles
b) Empirical evidence and sensory experiences
c) Innate knowledge and principles
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: b) Empirical evidence and sensory experiences
18. Hume's theory of causality challenges
the idea that causal relationships are based on:
a) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
b) Necessary connections between events
c) Innate ideas present from birth
d) Divine intervention and supernatural forces
Answer: b) Necessary connections between events
19. According to Hume, how do we come to
believe in causal connections between events?
a) Through direct perception of necessary connections
b) Through abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) Through observing repeated conjunction of events
d) Through innate knowledge and principles
Answer: c) Through observing repeated conjunction of events
20. Hume's theory of causality has
significant implications for our understanding of:
a) The existence of God and divine revelations
b) The nature of time and space
c) The problem of external world skepticism
d) The validity of induction and scientific reasoning
Answer: d) The validity of induction and scientific reasoning
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Hume's Theory of Self
and Personal Identity in Western philosophy:
1. According to Hume's Theory of Self,
what is the self?
a) A substantial and unchanging soul
b) A bundle of perceptions and experiences
c) A product of innate ideas and principles
d) A purely mental construct with no basis in reality
Answer: b) A bundle of perceptions and experiences
2. Hume argues that the idea of a
continuous and unchanging self is based on:
a) Empirical evidence and sensory experiences
b) Rational intuition and innate principles
c) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
3. Hume's theory challenges the
traditional notion of personal identity as:
a) An inherent and constant essence
b) A product of abstract reasoning
c) A collection of innate ideas
d) A result of divine intervention
Answer: a) An inherent and constant essence
4. According to Hume, how do we form the
idea of self?
a) Through direct perception of the soul
b) By observing constant conjunction of experiences
c) Through abstract reasoning and logical principles
d) Through innate knowledge and principles
Answer: b) By observing constant conjunction of experiences
5. Hume's theory of self and personal
identity is closely related to his broader philosophical perspective known as:
a) Idealism
b) Empiricism
c) Materialism
d) Rationalism
Answer: b) Empiricism
6. How does Hume describe the self as a
bundle of perceptions and experiences?
a) The self is a continuous and unchanging entity that perceives
external objects.
b) The self is a collection of sensory experiences and impressions that
occur in the mind.
c) The self is an abstract concept derived from innate knowledge.
d) The self is a direct perception of the soul.
Answer: b) The self is a collection of sensory experiences and
impressions that occur in the mind.
7. Hume argues that the self is not an
inherent and continuous substance because:
a) It is beyond the capacity of human reason to comprehend.
b) It is based on empirical evidence and sensory experiences.
c) It is a mental construct formed by habit and custom.
d) It is a product of divine intervention.
Answer: c) It is a mental construct formed by habit and custom.
8. Hume's theory of self challenges the
idea that personal identity is:
a) Based on a substantial and unchanging soul
b) Derived from innate principles and ideas
c) Determined by divine revelations
d) A result of abstract reasoning and logical principles
Answer: a) Based on a substantial and unchanging soul
9. According to Hume, what is the
relationship between perceptions in the bundle of self?
a) Perceptions are independent and unrelated to each other.
b) Perceptions are connected by a necessary and unchanging self.
c) Perceptions are causally connected and give rise to the idea of self.
d) Perceptions are illusions created by the mind.
Answer: c) Perceptions are causally connected and give rise to the idea
of self.
10. Hume's theory of self challenges the
idea that personal identity persists through time as:
a) A continuous and unchanging entity
b) A collection of abstract ideas
c) A result of divine revelation
d) A product of innate knowledge
Answer: a) A continuous and unchanging entity
11. According to Hume, how do we maintain
the illusion of a continuous self over time?
a) Through direct perception of the soul
b) By relying on empirical evidence and sensory experiences
c) Through abstract reasoning and logical principles
d) By connecting successive perceptions through memory and imagination
Answer: d) By connecting successive perceptions through memory and
imagination
12. Hume's theory of self and personal
identity has significant implications for our understanding of:
a) The existence of God and divine revelations
b) The nature of time and space
c) The problem of external world skepticism
d) The nature of personal identity and the self
Answer: d) The nature of personal identity and the self
13. According to Hume, what happens to
personal identity during periods of unconsciousness or dreamless sleep?
a) Personal identity remains unchanged during these periods.
b) Personal identity ceases to exist during these periods.
c) Personal identity is continuously preserved even in dreamless sleep.
d) Personal identity is uncertain and indeterminate during these
periods.
Answer: b) Personal identity ceases to exist during these periods.
14. How does Hume's theory of self impact
our understanding of the external world?
a) It confirms the existence of a substantial and unchanging self that
interacts with the external world.
b) It denies the existence of the external world beyond our perceptions
and experiences.
c) It suggests that the external world is a product of innate knowledge.
d) It challenges the idea of a continuous and unchanging self that
perceives external objects.
Answer: d) It challenges the idea of a continuous and unchanging self
that perceives external objects.
15. According to Hume, what is the basis
for our belief in personal identity over time?
a) Empirical evidence and sensory experiences
b) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) Innate knowledge and principles
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: a) Empirical evidence and sensory experiences
16. Hume's theory of self and personal
identity challenges the traditional view that personal identity is:
a) A continuous and unchanging soul
b) A product of abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) A result of divine intervention and supernatural forces
d) A collection of innate ideas present from birth
Answer: a) A continuous and unchanging soul
17. According to Hume, what is the
relationship between personal identity and memory?
a) Memory is the foundation of personal identity.
b) Memory is an illusion that creates personal identity.
c) Personal identity does not rely on memory.
d) Personal identity is based on innate principles, not memory.
Answer: a) Memory is the foundation of personal identity.
18. How does Hume explain the sense of
identity we experience over time?
a) Identity is a necessary and inherent property of the self.
b) Identity is a result of divine intervention.
c) Identity is a product of constant
conjunction of perceptions.
d) Identity is based on abstract reasoning and logical principles.
Answer: c) Identity is a product of constant conjunction of perceptions.
19. Hume's theory of self challenges the
idea that personal identity is based on:
a) Innate knowledge and principles
b) Abstract reasoning and logical connections
c) A continuous and unchanging soul
d) Divine revelation and religious beliefs
Answer: c) A continuous and unchanging soul
20. According to Hume, why do we believe
in the continued existence of the self?
a) It is a result of innate knowledge.
b)
It is a product of abstract reasoning.
c) It is a mental habit formed through memory and imagination.
d) It is a direct perception of the soul.
Answer: c) It is a mental habit formed through memory and imagination.
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Hume's skepticism in
Western philosophy:
1. Hume's skepticism primarily challenges
the possibility of certain knowledge in the realm of:
a) Mathematics
b) Empirical sciences
c) Logic and reasoning
d) Metaphysics
Answer: d) Metaphysics
2. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the ultimate source of all our ideas and knowledge?
a) Divine revelations
b) Innate principles
c) Sensory experiences
d) Logical reasoning
Answer: c) Sensory experiences
3. Hume's skeptical stance is grounded in
his theory that all ideas are derived from:
a) Abstract reasoning
b) Innate knowledge
c) Custom and habit
d) Divine inspiration
Answer: c) Custom and habit
4. Hume argues that our knowledge of
cause and effect is based on:
a) Necessary connections
b) Empirical evidence
c) Innate ideas
d) Divine revelations
Answer: b) Empirical evidence
5. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the status of causal connections between events?
a) They are necessary and certain.
b) They are illusory and uncertain.
c) They are based on innate knowledge.
d) They are confirmed through abstract reasoning.
Answer: b) They are illusory and uncertain.
6. Hume's skepticism challenges the
notion that knowledge is grounded in:
a) Innate principles and ideas
b) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) Sensory experiences and impressions
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: a) Innate principles and ideas
7. How does Hume's skepticism impact our
understanding of causation?
a) It confirms the existence of necessary connections between events.
b) It denies the possibility of understanding causal relationships.
c) It asserts that causation is based on abstract reasoning.
d) It challenges the certainty of causal connections.
Answer:
d) It challenges the certainty of causal connections.
8. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the status of metaphysical concepts like substance and self?
a) They are certain and undeniable.
b) They are illusions and products of imagination.
c) They are innate ideas present from birth.
d) They are confirmed through divine revelations.
Answer: b) They are illusions and products of imagination.
9. Hume's skepticism challenges the idea
that knowledge is based on:
a) Rational intuition
b) Abstract reasoning
c) Innate knowledge
d) Sensory experiences
Answer: a) Rational intuition
10. According to Hume, what is the
problem with relying on reason alone to acquire knowledge?
a) Reason is always certain and reliable.
b) Reason is based on innate ideas.
c) Reason is limited and subject to error.
d) Reason is independent of empirical evidence.
Answer: c) Reason is limited and subject to error.
11. Hume's skepticism raises doubts about
the validity of which traditional philosophical concept?
a) The existence of God
b) The nature of time and space
c) The problem of induction
d) The laws of logic
Answer: a) The existence of God
12. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the nature of human knowledge?
a) Certain and infallible
b) Based on innate ideas
c) Limited and uncertain
d) Derived from divine revelations
Answer: c) Limited and uncertain
13. Hume's skepticism challenges the
possibility of achieving certain knowledge in which area of study?
a) Mathematics
b) Empirical sciences
c) Ethics and morality
d) Logic and reasoning
Answer: c) Ethics and morality
14. According to Hume, what is the role
of custom and habit in shaping our beliefs and knowledge?
a) They are irrelevant and have no impact on knowledge.
b) They are the sole basis of all knowledge.
c) They can lead to certain knowledge.
d) They are secondary to innate principles.
Answer: b) They are the sole basis of all knowledge.
15. Hume's skeptical view questions the
possibility of obtaining certain knowledge about which aspect of the external
world?
a) The existence of objects
b) The laws of nature
c) The reliability of the senses
d) The reality of the external world
Answer: d) The reality of the external world
16. How does Hume's skepticism impact our
understanding of the external world?
a) It confirms the existence of a mind-independent reality.
b) It denies the possibility of knowing the external world beyond our
perceptions.
c) It asserts that the external world is a product of innate ideas.
d) It challenges the certainty of sensory experiences.
Answer: b) It denies the possibility of knowing the external world
beyond our perceptions.
17. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the nature of causal connections between events?
a) They are necessary and certain.
b) They are grounded in innate knowledge.
c) They are based on sensory experiences and constant conjunction.
d) They are a result of divine intervention.
Answer: c) They are based on sensory experiences and constant
conjunction.
18. Hume's skepticism challenges the idea
that knowledge is based on:
a) Innate principles and ideas
b) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) Sensory experiences and impressions
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: a) Innate principles and ideas
19. According to Hume's skeptical view,
what is the role of reason in acquiring knowledge?
a) Reason is the only reliable source of knowledge.
b) Reason is limited and can lead to uncertainty.
c) Reason is a product of innate ideas.
d) Reason is not necessary for acquiring knowledge.
Answer: b) Reason is limited and can lead to uncertainty.
20. Hume's skepticism challenges the
notion that knowledge is grounded in:
a) Sensory experiences and impressions
b) Abstract reasoning and logical principles
c) Innate principles and ideas
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: c) Innate principles and ideas
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