WESTERN PHILOSOPHY MCQs
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Berkeley's refutation
of abstract ideas in Western philosophy:
1.
According to George Berkeley, abstract ideas are:
a) Ideas formed through direct sensory
experiences
b) General concepts formed by combining
specific instances
c) Innate ideas present in the mind from
birth
d) Ideas that exist independently of
perception
Answer: b) General concepts formed by
combining specific instances
2.
Berkeley rejects the notion of abstract ideas because he believes that all
ideas:
a) Are derived from sensory experiences
b) Are innate and pre-existing in the mind
c) Represent independent realities
d) Are subjective and vary from person to
person
Answer: a) Are derived from sensory
experiences
3.
Berkeley argues that abstract ideas are the result of:
a) Divine revelation
b) Innate cognitive abilities
c) Sensation and reflection
d) Mathematical reasoning
Answer: c) Sensation and reflection
4.
According to Berkeley, abstract ideas rely on what he calls:
Answer: a) "Notions of the mind"
5.
Berkeley's view on abstract ideas challenges the prevailing philosophical
approach of his time, which was:
a) Rationalism
b) Empiricism
c) Idealism
d) Existentialism
Answer: a) Rationalism
6.
Berkeley argues that the so-called abstract ideas are nothing more than:
a) Innate principles
b) Pure imagination
c) Names or words that represent groups of
similar objects
d) Divine revelations
Answer: c) Names or words that represent
groups of similar objects
7.
Berkeley's rejection of abstract ideas is closely related to his philosophy,
which is known as:
a) Empiricism
b) Rationalism
c) Idealism
d) Materialism
Answer: c) Idealism
8.
Berkeley's refutation of abstract ideas supports his belief that the ultimate
reality consists of:
a) Material substances
b) Ideas and perceptions
c) Abstract concepts
d) Eternal truths
Answer: b) Ideas and perceptions
9.
According to Berkeley, abstract ideas lead to:
a) Greater clarity and understanding
b) The discovery of innate knowledge
c) Confusion and skepticism
d) Direct perception of external objects
Answer: c) Confusion and skepticism
10.
Berkeley's rejection of abstract ideas is an attack on the philosophical views
of which famous philosopher?
a) John Locke
c) Immanuel Kant
d) Aristotle
Answer: a) John Locke
11.
According to Berkeley, the existence of abstract ideas implies the existence
of:
a) Material substances
b) The divine realm
c) Inactive ideas
d) Unperceived objects
Answer: d) Unperceived objects
12.
Berkeley's argument against abstract ideas is based on the premise that:
a) All ideas are innate and present from
birth.
b) The mind is a blank slate at birth.
c) Ideas can only be formed through direct
sensory experiences.
d) Abstract ideas are divinely inspired.
Answer: c) Ideas can only be formed through
direct sensory experiences.
13.
According to Berkeley, which of the following best describes abstract ideas?
a) Concrete and particular concepts
b) Mental images formed by intuition
c) Ideas that have no connection to
external objects
d) Universal and unchanging principles
Answer: c) Ideas that have no connection to
external objects
14.
Berkeley's view on abstract ideas challenges the notion that knowledge is based
on:
a) Mathematical reasoning
b) Empirical evidence
c) Divine revelations
d) Innate principles
Answer: b) Empirical evidence
15. Which
of the following statements aligns with Berkeley's view on the refutation of
abstract ideas?
a) Abstract ideas are the building blocks
of all knowledge.
b) Abstract ideas represent universal and
unchanging realities.
c) Abstract ideas are mere names that refer
to groups of similar objects.
d) Abstract ideas are innate and present
from birth.
Answer: c) Abstract ideas are mere names
that refer to groups of similar objects.
16.
Berkeley's refutation of abstract ideas is closely related to which
philosophical concept?
a) Skepticism
b) Dogmatism
c) Nihilism
d) Idealism
Answer: d) Idealism
17.
According to Berkeley, abstract ideas create confusion because they:
a) Are based on pure imagination
b) Do not correspond to anything in the
external world
c) Lead to innate knowledge
d) Are universal and necessary truths
Answer: b) Do not correspond to anything in
the external world
18.
Berkeley's rejection of abstract ideas is based on his belief that all
knowledge is ultimately derived from:
a) Sensation and reflection
b) Rational intuition
c) Divine revelations
d) Innate principles
Answer: a) Sensation and reflection
19.
Berkeley's emphasis on the rejection of abstract ideas contributed
significantly to the development of which philosophical movement?
a) Rationalism
b) Empiricism
c) Idealism
d) Existentialism
Answer: c) Idealism
20.
According to Berkeley, what is the relationship between abstract ideas and the
existence of external objects?
a) Abstract ideas accurately represent
external objects.
b) Abstract ideas have no connection to
external objects.
c) Abstract ideas are innate and
independent of external objects.
d) Abstract ideas are directly perceived
through introspection.
Answer: b) Abstract ideas have no
connection to external objects.
_
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Berkeley's criticism of
Locke's distinction between primary and secondary qualities in Western
philosophy:
1. What is
John Locke's distinction between primary and secondary qualities based on?
a) Their objective existence in the external
world
b) Their inherent properties as perceived by
the mind
c) Their dependence on human perception and
sensation
d) Their relationship to divine revelation
Answer: a) Their objective existence in the
external world
2.
According to Berkeley's criticism, what is the main problem with Locke's
distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
a) It leads to skepticism and doubt about
the existence of the external world.
b) It is too abstract and theoretical,
lacking empirical evidence.
c) It contradicts religious doctrines and
divine revelation.
d) It relies too heavily on innate ideas.
Answer: a) It leads to skepticism and doubt
about the existence of the external world.
3. Berkeley
argues that Locke's primary qualities are:
a) Objective qualities that exist
independently of perception
b) Subjective qualities that depend on
individual experiences
c) Imaginary and unreal qualities with no
basis in reality
d) Derived from divine revelation
Answer: c) Imaginary and unreal qualities
with no basis in reality
4.
According to Berkeley, all qualities, including primary ones, are ultimately:
a) Dependent on human perception and
experience
b) Innate and present from birth
c) Innate and present in the mind of God
d) Derived from mathematical reasoning
Answer: a) Dependent on human perception and
experience
5.
Berkeley argues that primary qualities are nothing more than:
a) The fundamental building blocks of
reality
b) Sensations and ideas in the mind
c) Properties inherent in external objects
d) Universal and unchanging principles
Answer: b) Sensations and ideas in the mind
6.
According to Berkeley's criticism, what is the relationship between primary
qualities and human perception?
a) Primary qualities exist independently of
human perception.
b) Primary qualities are the same for all
perceivers.
c) Primary qualities depend on individual
perceptions and experiences.
d) Primary qualities are divinely inspired
and understood by all.
Answer: c) Primary qualities depend on
individual perceptions and experiences.
7.
Berkeley's criticism of Locke's distinction challenges the idea that primary
qualities:
a) Are objective and inherent in external
objects
b) Represent abstract concepts formed
through reflection
c) Exist independently of human perception
and sensation
d) Are derived from divine revelation
Answer: a) Are objective and inherent in
external objects
8.
According to Berkeley, what is the true nature of primary qualities?
a) Objective and universal properties of
external objects
b) Mere sensations and perceptions in the
mind
c) Abstract ideas formed through reasoning
d) Innate principles present from birth
Answer: b) Mere sensations and perceptions
in the mind
9.
Berkeley argues that the so-called primary qualities are not inherent in the
objects but are instead:
a) Universal and unchanging
b) Innate and present from birth
c) Dependent on human perception and
experience
d) Revealed through divine inspiration
Answer: c) Dependent on human perception and
experience
10.
Berkeley's criticism of Locke's distinction between primary and secondary
qualities is closely related to which philosophical approach?
a) Idealism
b) Empiricism
c) Rationalism
d) Materialism
Answer: a) Idealism
11.
According to Berkeley's criticism, why do primary qualities become problematic
in explaining the nature of reality?
a) Because they represent universal and
unchanging truths.
b) Because they exist independently of
human perception.
c) Because they are mere sensations and
perceptions in the mind.
d) Because they are innate and present from
birth.
Answer: c) Because they are mere sensations
and perceptions in the mind.
12.
Berkeley's criticism of Locke's primary and secondary qualities is based on his
belief that all knowledge is ultimately derived from:
a) Sensation and reflection
b) Rational intuition
c) Divine revelations
d) Innate principles
Answer: a) Sensation and reflection
13.
Berkeley's criticism of Locke's distinction challenges the notion that
knowledge is based on:
a) Empirical evidence
b) Mathematical reasoning
c) Innate ideas
d) Sensory experiences
Answer: a) Empirical evidence
14.
According to Berkeley's criticism, what happens when we perceive primary
qualities?
a) We perceive the external objects
directly as they are.
b) We project our own sensations onto
external objects.
c) We infer the existence of primary
qualities from secondary qualities.
d) We gain knowledge through divine
inspiration.
Answer: b) We project our own sensations
onto external objects.
15. Which
of the following statements aligns with Berkeley's criticism of Locke's
distinction between primary and secondary qualities?
a) Primary qualities are objective and
inherent in external objects.
b) Primary qualities are the fundamental properties
of reality.
c) Primary qualities depend on individual
perceptions and experiences.
d) Primary qualities are innate and present
from birth.
Answer: c) Primary qualities depend on
individual perceptions and experiences.
16.
Berkeley's criticism of Locke's distinction between primary and secondary
qualities emphasizes the importance of:
a) Abstract reasoning and reflection
b) Empirical evidence and sensory
experiences
c) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
d) Innate ideas and universal principles
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Berkeley's
Immaterialism in Western philosophy:
1. What is
the central claim of Berkeley's Immaterialism?
a) Only material objects exist, and
everything else is an illusion.
b) The external world is entirely composed
of immaterial substances.
c) All reality is mental and consists of
ideas and perceptions.
d) Immaterialism rejects the existence of
both material and immaterial entities.
Answer: c) All reality is mental and
consists of ideas and perceptions.
2.
According to Berkeley, what is the ultimate nature of physical objects?
a) They are composed of tiny material
particles.
b) They are composed of ideas in the minds
of perceivers.
c) They exist independently of human
perception and thought.
d) They are divine creations with inherent
properties.
Answer: b) They are composed of ideas in the
minds of perceivers.
3.
Berkeley's Immaterialism challenges the existence of which philosophical
concept?
a) Divine intervention
b) Innate knowledge
c) Abstract ideas
d) Material substances
Answer: d) Material substances
4.
According to Berkeley, what is the source of all our ideas and perceptions?
a) Divine revelations
b) Rational intuition
c) Sensation and reflection
d) Abstract reasoning
Answer: c) Sensation and reflection
5.
Berkeley's Immaterialism asserts that material objects:
a) Have independent existence apart from the
mind.
b) Are mere illusions and have no real
existence.
c) Exist only in the mind of God.
d) Are composed of physical atoms.
Answer: b) Are mere illusions and have no
real existence.
6.
Berkeley argues that the existence of physical objects depends on:
a) Their inherent material properties.
b) Human perception and divine revelation.
c) Sensory experiences and ideas in the
mind.
d) Mathematical reasoning and rationality.
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and ideas in
the mind.
7.
According to Berkeley, what role does the mind of God play in Immaterialism?
a) God is the creator of physical objects
with inherent properties.
b) God is the source of divine revelations
and innate ideas.
c) God perceives all ideas and sustains the
existence of objects.
d) God is irrelevant in the Immaterialist
worldview.
Answer: c) God perceives all ideas and
sustains the existence of objects.
8. How
does Berkeley's Immaterialism differ from traditional materialism?
a) Immaterialism rejects the existence of
both matter and mind.
b) Immaterialism asserts that only
immaterial minds exist.
c) Immaterialism denies the existence of the
external world.
d) Immaterialism posits that reality is
mental and composed of ideas.
Answer: d) Immaterialism posits that reality
is mental and composed of ideas.
9.
According to Berkeley, what is the relationship between ideas in the mind and
external objects?
a) Ideas are copies or representations of
external objects.
b)
Ideas are completely independent of external objects.
c) Ideas are illusions created by the mind.
d) Ideas have no connection to the external
world.
Answer: a) Ideas are copies or
representations of external objects.
10.
Berkeley's Immaterialism challenges the traditional understanding of:
a) Time and space
b) Mathematics and geometry
c) Sensory experiences and reflection
d) The mind-body problem
Answer: a) Time and space
11. What
does Berkeley mean by the phrase "esse est percipi" in the context of
Immaterialism?
a) "To be is to exist independently of
perception."
b) "To be is to be perceived."
c) "To be is to have material
properties."
d) "To be is to have immaterial
existence."
Answer: b) "To be is to be
perceived."
12.
Berkeley's Immaterialism challenges the distinction between which two entities?
a) Mind and body
b) God and humans
c) Nature and culture
d) Reality and illusion
Answer: a) Mind and body
13.
According to Berkeley, what is the ultimate reality that supports the existence
of the external world?
a) Physical matter and material substances
b) Ideas in the minds of perceivers and the
mind of God
c) Abstract concepts and innate ideas
d) Divine revelations and spiritual
experiences
Answer: b) Ideas in the minds of perceivers
and the mind of God
14.
Berkeley's Immaterialism asserts that material objects have no existence:
a) Outside the mind of the perceiver.
b) Independently of the mind of God.
c) In the form of abstract ideas.
d) Beyond the realm of sensory experiences.
Answer: a) Outside the mind of the
perceiver.
15.
According to Berkeley, what happens to physical objects when they are not being
perceived?
a) They cease to exist until they are
perceived again.
b) They continue to exist independently of
perception.
c) They become abstract ideas in the mind
of God.
d) They are stored in the collective
consciousness of humanity.
Answer: b) They continue to exist
independently of perception.
16.
Berkeley's Immaterialism challenges the concept of an external,
mind-independent reality and emphasizes the importance of:
a) Innate ideas and principles
b) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
c) Sensory experiences and perception
d) Abstract reasoning and logic
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and
perception
17. What
is the implication of Berkeley's Immaterialism for the nature of knowledge?
a) Knowledge is innate and present from
birth.
b) Knowledge is based on abstract ideas and
reasoning.
c) Knowledge is limited to divine
revelations.
d) Knowledge is derived from sensory
experiences and ideas in the mind.
Answer: d) Knowledge is derived from
sensory experiences and ideas in the mind.
Multiple-choice questions with answers on Berkeley's
esse-est-percipi ("to be is to be perceived") in Western philosophy:
1. What
does Berkeley mean by "esse-est-percipi"?
a) "To exist is to have material
properties."
b) "To exist is to have an inherent
nature."
c) "To exist is to be an abstract
concept."
d) "To exist is to be perceived."
Answer: d) "To exist is to be
perceived."
2.
According to Berkeley's esse-est-percipi, what is the ultimate nature of
reality?
a) Reality is entirely mental, consisting of
ideas and perceptions.
b) Reality is entirely physical, composed of
material substances.
c) Reality is a combination of mental and
physical entities.
d) Reality is a divine creation with
inherent properties.
Answer: a) Reality is entirely mental,
consisting of ideas and perceptions.
3.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi challenges the traditional understanding of:
a) Time and space
b) Mathematics and geometry
c) Sensory experiences and reflection
d) The mind-body problem
Answer: a) Time and space
4.
According to Berkeley, what role does the mind of God play in esse-est-percipi?
a) God perceives all ideas and sustains the
existence of objects.
b) God is the creator of physical objects
with inherent properties.
c) God is irrelevant in the esse-est-percipi
worldview.
d) God provides divine revelations to
humans.
Answer: a) God perceives all ideas and
sustains the existence of objects.
5.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi challenges the distinction between which two
entities?
a) Mind and body
b) God and humans
c) Nature and culture
d) Reality and illusion
Answer: a) Mind and body
6.
According to esse-est-percipi, what happens to physical objects when they are
not being perceived?
a) They cease to exist until they are
perceived again.
b) They continue to exist independently of
perception.
c) They become abstract ideas in the mind of
God.
d) They are stored in the collective
consciousness of humanity.
Answer: b) They continue to exist
independently of perception.
7.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi asserts that material objects have no existence:
a) Outside the mind of the perceiver.
b) Independently of the mind of God.
c) In the form of abstract ideas.
d) Beyond the realm of sensory experiences.
Answer: a) Outside the mind of the
perceiver.
8.
According to esse-est-percipi, what is the implication for the nature of
knowledge?
a) Knowledge is innate and present from
birth.
b) Knowledge is based on abstract ideas and
reasoning.
c) Knowledge is limited to divine
revelations.
d) Knowledge is derived from sensory
experiences and ideas in the mind.
Answer: d) Knowledge is derived from sensory
experiences and ideas in the mind.
9. How
does esse-est-percipi challenge the traditional understanding of external
reality?
a) It posits that the external world is an
illusion.
b) It denies the existence of material
substances.
c) It claims that the external world is a
projection of the mind.
d) It asserts that the external world exists
independently of perception.
Answer: c) It claims that the external world
is a projection of the mind.
10.
According to Berkeley's esse-est-percipi, what is the relationship between
ideas in the mind and external objects?
a) Ideas are copies or representations of
external objects.
b) Ideas are completely independent of
external objects.
c) Ideas are illusions created by the mind.
d) Ideas have no connection to the external
world.
Answer: a) Ideas are copies or
representations of external objects.
11.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi emphasizes the importance of:
a) Innate ideas and principles
b) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
c) Sensory experiences and perception
d) Abstract reasoning and logic
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and
perception
12.
According to Berkeley's esse-est-percipi, what happens to objects when they are
not perceived by any mind?
a) They continue to exist as abstract ideas
in the mind of God.
b) They become part of the collective
consciousness of humanity.
c) They cease to exist until they are
perceived again by some mind.
d) They become permanent and eternal
essences.
Answer: c) They cease to exist until they
are perceived again by some mind.
13.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi implies that the existence of physical objects is
contingent upon:
a) Their inherent material properties.
b) Human perception and divine revelation.
c) Sensory experiences and ideas in the
mind.
d) Mathematical reasoning and rationality.
Answer: c) Sensory experiences and ideas in
the mind.
14.
According to esse-est-percipi, what is the nature of reality when there are no
perceivers?
a) Reality ceases to exist until perceivers
are present.
b) Reality exists independently of
perceivers.
c) Reality continues to exist in the mind
of God.
d) Reality becomes a collection of abstract
ideas.
Answer: a) Reality ceases to exist until
perceivers are present.
15.
Berkeley's esse-est-percipi challenges the traditional view that external
objects exist:
a) Independently of perception.
b) Only in the mind of the perceiver.
c) As material substances with inherent
properties.
d) As abstract ideas in the collective
consciousness.
Answer: a) Independently of perception.
17.
According to Berkeley's esse-est-percipi, what is the ultimate source of the
external world?
a) The material properties of objects
b) The mind of God and the perceptions of
individual minds
c) Abstract concepts and innate ideas
d) The collective consciousness of humanity
Answer: b) The mind of God and the
perceptions of individual minds
18. What
is the implication of Berkeley's esse-est-percipi for the nature of causation?
a) Causation is an illusion, and events
occur randomly.
b) Causation is determined by innate
principles.
c) Causation is dependent on human
perception and observation.
d) Causation is an inherent property of
physical objects.
Answer: c) Causation is dependent on human
perception and observation.
19.
According to Berkeley's esse-est-percipi, why do physical objects continue to
exist when they are not perceived?
a) They are sustained by the mind of God
during periods of non-perception.
b) They exist as abstract ideas in the
collective consciousness.
c) They persist through innate principles
of existence.
d) They do not continue to exist; they
depend on constant perception.
Answer: a) They are sustained by the mind
of God during periods of non-perception.
20. How
does Berkeley's esse-est-percipi impact our understanding of the external
world?
a) It challenges the reality of the
external world and emphasizes the subjective nature of reality.
b) It provides a rational justification for
the existence of the external world independent of perception.
c) It denies the existence of the external
world and asserts that everything is a mental construct.
d) It confirms the traditional view that
the external world exists as material substances with inherent properties.
Answer: a) It challenges the reality of the
external world and emphasizes the subjective nature of reality.
Multiple-choice
questions with answers on the role of God in Western philosophy according to
Berkeley's perspective:
1.
According to Berkeley, what role does God play in his philosophy?
a) God is an illusion created by human
imagination.
b) God is the ultimate source of all
knowledge.
c) God is the sustainer of the external
world and the perceiver of all ideas.
d) God is irrelevant in philosophical
discussions.
Answer: c) God is the sustainer of the
external world and the perceiver of all ideas.
2. In
Berkeley's philosophy, what does God's role as the perceiver of ideas imply
about the external world?
a) The external world exists independently
of human perception.
b) The external world is a projection of the
collective human mind.
c) The external world has no real existence.
d) The external world exists in the mind of
God.
Answer: d) The external world exists in the
mind of God.
3.
According to Berkeley, what ensures the continued existence of the external
world when not perceived by human minds?
a) The collective consciousness of humanity
b) The inherent material properties of
objects
c) The laws of nature
d) God's constant perception and sustenance
Answer: d) God's constant perception and
sustenance
4.
Berkeley's reliance on God's role in sustaining the external world led to his
philosophical position known as:
a) Materialism
b) Idealism
c) Nihilism
d) Rationalism
Answer: b) Idealism
5. In
Berkeley's philosophy, God's constant perception of the external world ensures
that it maintains:
a) Its objective existence
b) Its abstract properties
c) Its independence from human perception
d) Its continuous existence and coherence
Answer: d) Its continuous existence and
coherence
6.
According to Berkeley, what role does God play in the formation of human ideas
and perceptions?
a) God creates ideas in the mind directly.
b) God is the source of innate ideas present
from birth.
c) God endows humans with rational faculties
for forming ideas.
d) God sustains the world, and ideas are the
result of human perception.
Answer: d) God sustains the world, and ideas
are the result of human perception.
7.
According to Berkeley, God's role in sustaining the external world is crucial
in challenging the philosophical view of:
a) Nihilism
b) Dualism
c) Materialism
d) Empiricism
Answer: c) Materialism
8. How
does God's role in Berkeley's philosophy relate to the question of knowledge?
a) God provides innate knowledge to
individuals.
b) God is the source of divine revelations
and absolute truths.
c) God ensures the coherence and stability
of human knowledge.
d) God serves as the ultimate guarantor of
human reason.
Answer: c) God ensures the coherence and
stability of human knowledge.
9. In
Berkeley's view, how does God's constant perception of the external world
contribute to its existence?
a) God sustains the external world through
divine miracles.
b) God perceives the external world and
actively participates in its creation.
c) The external world is a mere illusion in
the mind of God.
d) The external world exists as a continuous
idea in the mind of God.
Answer: d) The external world exists as a
continuous idea in the mind of God.
10.
According to Berkeley, God's role in philosophy emphasizes the importance of:
a) Rationalism and abstract reasoning
b) Empirical evidence and sensory
experiences
c) Innate ideas and innate knowledge
d) Divine revelations and religious beliefs
Answer: b) Empirical evidence and sensory
experiences
11.
Berkeley's view of God's role in philosophy supports which philosophical
stance?
a) Empiricism
b) Rationalism
c) Materialism
d) Nihilism
Answer: a) Empiricism
12. How
does Berkeley's emphasis on God's role in philosophy affect the nature of
reality?
a) It affirms the existence of an
objective, mind-independent reality.
b) It challenges the reality of the
external world and emphasizes its mental nature.
c) It denies the existence of God and the
external world.
d) It asserts the existence of an external
world composed of abstract ideas.
Answer: b) It challenges the reality of the
external world and emphasizes its mental nature.
13.
According to Berkeley, God's role in sustaining the external world provides a
solution to which philosophical problem?
a) The mind-body problem
b) The problem of evil
c) The problem of induction
d) The problem of external world skepticism
Answer: d) The problem of external world
skepticism
14. What
is the relationship between God's perception and human perception in Berkeley's
philosophy?
a) God's perception is independent of human
perception.
b) God's perception is a projection of
human minds.
c) God's perception and human perception
are interconnected.
d) God's perception is the result of human
perception.
Answer: c) God's perception and human
perception are interconnected.
15. How
does Berkeley's concept of God's role in philosophy relate to the idea of
objectivity?
a) God ensures the objectivity of human
knowledge and ideas.
b) God's existence provides the basis for
objective moral values.
c) God is the ultimate objective reality
beyond human perception.
d) God serves as an objective source of
divine knowledge.
Answer: a) God ensures the objectivity of
human knowledge and ideas.
16.
According to Berkeley's view of God's role, the external world is:
a) Eternal and unchanging
b) Composed of material substances
c) A divine creation with inherent
properties
d) Continuously perceived by God
Answer: d) Continuously perceived by God
17.
Berkeley's reliance on God's role in sustaining the external world aligns with
his broader philosophical perspective known as:
a) Materialism
b) Idealism
c) Dualism
d) Nihilism
Answer: b) Idealism
18. How
does Berkeley's concept of God's role challenge the traditional view of the
external world's independence from human perception?
a) It suggests that the external world
exists entirely in the mind of God.
b) It emphasizes the role of innate ideas
in forming knowledge.
c) It posits that human perception is
unreliable in understanding reality.
d) It denies the existence of the external
world beyond human cognition.
Answer: a) It suggests that the external
world exists entirely in the mind of God.
19.
According to Berkeley's philosophy, God's role in sustaining the external world
ensures:
a) The existence of abstract ideas in the
human mind.
b) The coherence and consistency of human
knowledge.
c) The existence of a material world with
inherent properties.
d) The divine revelation of objective
truths to humanity.
Answer: b) The coherence and consistency of
human knowledge.
20. How
does God's role in Berkeley's philosophy contribute to the rejection of
materialism?
a) It denies the existence of God and
divine intervention.
b) It asserts the superiority of abstract
ideas over material substances.
c) It challenges the idea of an external
world composed of independent matter.
d) It promotes the reliance on empirical
evidence and sensory experiences.
Answer: c) It challenges the idea of an
external world composed of independent matter.
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