India's Defence Policy | National Defence and Security
India's defense policy is a
comprehensive framework that outlines the country's approach to national
security, military preparedness, and strategic decision-making. Here are the
key components of India's defense policy:
1. Non-Aligned Movement:
India's defense policy has its roots in the non-aligned movement, which emerged
during the Cold War. India sought to maintain equidistance from the two
superpowers, avoiding entanglement in military alliances and power blocs.
2. Minimum Credible
Deterrence: Similar to its nuclear policy, India's defense policy also follows
the principle of minimum credible deterrence. It aims to maintain a level of
military capability that is sufficient to deter potential adversaries from
considering aggression.
3. Strategic Autonomy: India's
defense policy emphasizes maintaining strategic autonomy in decision-making. It
seeks to minimize dependence on external military assistance and technology,
promoting indigenous defense production and research.
4. Comprehensive National
Security: India's defense policy takes into account various aspects of national
security beyond traditional military threats. This includes economic security,
energy security, cybersecurity, and addressing internal challenges.
5. Integrated Military
Approach: India's defense policy emphasizes the need for an integrated approach
among the Army, Navy, Air Force, and other security agencies. Jointness and
interoperability are crucial to effectively address modern security challenges.
6. Civil-Military Relations:
India's defense policy underscores the importance of civilian control over the
military. The policy encourages a harmonious relationship between civilian
leadership and the armed forces, ensuring democratic governance of the
military.
7. Neighborhood Focus: India's
defense policy places a strong emphasis on maintaining stability and security
in its neighborhood. It aims to address regional conflicts and build strong
diplomatic ties to prevent security threats from spreading.
8. Counterterrorism: Given
India's experiences with terrorism, its defense policy includes robust
counterterrorism measures. This involves strengthening intelligence
capabilities, border security, and enhancing international cooperation to
combat terrorist activities.
9. Modernization and
Self-Sufficiency: India's defense policy emphasizes modernizing its armed
forces with state-of-the-art equipment and technology. It seeks to reduce
reliance on foreign imports and promote domestic defense production.
10. Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief: India's defense policy recognizes the role of the armed
forces in providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief during natural
disasters or emergencies.
11. United Nations
Peacekeeping: India actively participates in United Nations peacekeeping
operations, contributing troops and resources to promote global peace and
stability.
12. Global Maritime Interests:
With a vast coastline and maritime interests, India's defense policy places
importance on developing a strong naval presence to safeguard its maritime
trade routes and maintain security in the Indian Ocean region.
13. Nuclear Doctrine
Alignment: India's defense policy is closely aligned with its nuclear doctrine
of "No First Use" and minimum credible deterrence, ensuring a
comprehensive approach to both conventional and nuclear security.
14. International
Collaboration: India's defense policy includes efforts to enhance defense ties
with key strategic partners through defense agreements, joint exercises, and
technology sharing to address common security concerns.
15. Asymmetrical Warfare:
India's defense policy acknowledges the changing nature of warfare, including
cyber threats, space warfare, and unconventional tactics. It seeks to develop
capabilities to counter such asymmetrical threats.
16. Securing Borders:
Protecting the borders and ensuring territorial integrity is a critical aspect
of India's defense policy, which involves a combination of physical
infrastructure, technological surveillance, and military presence.
Certainly, here are
multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on India's defense policy along with their
answers:
1. What is the cornerstone of
India's defense policy?
a) Alliances with
major powers
b) Offensive
military strategies
c) Minimum
Credible Deterrence
d) Expansionist
territorial goals
Answer: c)
Minimum Credible Deterrence
2. India's defense policy
emphasizes:
a) Dependence on
foreign military assistance
b) Indigenous
defense production
c) Joining
military alliances
d) Pursuit of
global military dominance
Answer: b)
Indigenous defense production
3. The term "strategic
autonomy" in India's defense policy refers to:
a) Reliance on
foreign military advice
b) Outsourcing of
defense operations
c) Independence
in strategic decision-making
d) Dependence on
international peacekeeping forces
Answer: c)
Independence in strategic decision-making
4. Which movement influenced
India's policy of maintaining equidistance from power blocs?
a) Cold War
movement
b) Imperialism
movement
c) Non-Aligned
Movement
d) Imperialism
resistance
Answer: c)
Non-Aligned Movement
5. India's defense policy
encompasses various aspects of security beyond the military. Which of the
following is NOT one of them?
a) Economic
security
b) Energy
security
c) Cultural
security
d) Cybersecurity
Answer: c)
Cultural security
6. India's defense policy aims
to achieve strategic harmony among which branches of the armed forces?
a) Army and Navy
b) Army, Navy,
and Air Force
c) Air Force and
Coast Guard
d) Army and Air
Force
Answer: b) Army,
Navy, and Air Force
7. What is the relationship
between civilian leadership and the armed forces in India's defense policy?
a) Arms race
b) Autonomy of
the armed forces
c) Civilian
control over the military
d) Military rule
Answer: c)
Civilian control over the military
8. India's defense policy
focuses primarily on:
a) Global
security dominance
b) Regional
security stability
c) Isolationism
d) Economic
expansion
Answer: b)
Regional security stability
9. India's defense policy
takes into account modern security challenges, including:
a) Traditional
warfare only
b) Economic
challenges only
c) Cybersecurity,
space warfare, and internal security
d) Geopolitical
rivalries
Answer: c)
Cybersecurity, space warfare, and internal security
10. India's defense policy
emphasizes jointness and interoperability among the armed forces to address:
a) Social
challenges
b) Technological
advancement
c) Traditional
warfare only
d) Modern
security challenges
Answer: d)
Modern security challenges
11. India's defense policy
encourages:
a) Overreliance
on foreign imports
b) Collaborative
military decisions with allies
c) Indigenous
defense production and research
d) Surrendering
control of strategic assets
Answer: c)
Indigenous defense production and research
12. India's defense policy is
rooted in its commitment to which of the following principles?
a) Isolationism
b) Offensive
military tactics
c) Strategic
alliances with global powers
d) Non-alignment
Answer: d)
Non-alignment
13. India's defense policy
acknowledges the importance of providing assistance during:
a) Geopolitical
conflicts
b) Natural
disasters
c) Economic
negotiations
d) Border
disputes
Answer: b)
Natural disasters
14. India actively contributes
troops and resources to which international peacekeeping efforts?
a) United
Nations peacekeeping operations
b) NATO
peacekeeping operations
c) Regional
military alliances
d) Imperialistic
interventions
Answer: a)
United Nations peacekeeping operations
15. Which region is of
particular importance in India's defense policy due to its maritime interests?
a) Arctic Ocean
b) Mediterranean
Sea
c) South China
Sea
d) Indian Ocean
Answer: d)
Indian Ocean
16. India's defense policy is
aligned with its nuclear doctrine in maintaining:
a) Maximum
offensive capabilities
b) A non-aligned
stance
c) Strategic
autonomy
d) Minimum
Credible Deterrence
Answer: d)
Minimum Credible Deterrence
17. India's defense policy
prioritizes the development of its armed forces to counter:
a) Traditional
military threats only
b) Non-military
challenges only
c) Both
traditional and non-traditional threats
d) Economic
imbalances
Answer: c) Both
traditional and non-traditional threats
18. The focus of India's
defense policy towards its neighbors is primarily on:
a) Aggressive
territorial expansion
b) Strengthening
diplomatic ties
c) Fostering
economic dependencies
d) Military
dominance
Answer: b)
Strengthening diplomatic ties
19. The term
"counterterrorism" in India's defense policy refers to measures taken
to combat:
a) Diplomatic
tensions
b) Economic
competition
c) International
sanctions
d) Terrorist
activities
Answer: d)
Terrorist activities
20. India's defense policy is
built on the principles of:
a) Aggressive
expansionism
b) Preemptive
strikes
c) Minimum
Credible Deterrence
d) Economic
dominance
Answer: c)
Minimum Credible Deterrence
21. The concept of
"jointness and interoperability" in India's defense policy
emphasizes:
a) Combining
forces from different countries
b) Collaborating
only with allies
c) Cooperation
among various branches of the armed forces
d) Reducing the
role of technology
Answer: c)
Cooperation among various branches of the armed forces
22. India's defense policy
aims to reduce dependence on foreign military assistance by promoting:
a) Diplomatic
isolation
b) Economic
sanctions
c) Indigenous
defense production
d) Arms race
Answer: c)
Indigenous defense production
23. What is the primary focus
of India's defense policy in relation to borders?
a) Expanding
borders aggressively
b) Establishing
buffer zones
c) Securing
borders and maintaining territorial integrity
d) Promoting
cross-border trade
Answer: c)
Securing borders and maintaining territorial integrity
24. India's defense policy is
aligned with its broader goal of:
a) Global
military dominance
b) Economic
exploitation
c) Regional
stability and security
d) Cultural
assimilation
Answer: c)
Regional stability and security
25. The primary objective of
India's defense policy is to:
a) Establish
imperialistic rule
b) Achieve
global military supremacy
c) Maintain
regional stability and security
d) Expand its nuclear
arsenal
Answer: c)
Maintain regional stability and security
Certainly, here are the
remaining MCQs (27-30) on India's defense policy along with their answers:
27. India's defense policy
emphasizes the importance of securing its:
a) Cyber
infrastructure
b) Space
exploration projects
c) Territorial
integrity
d) Economic
dominance
Answer: c)
Territorial integrity
28. What is the primary goal
of India's defense policy when it comes to nuclear capabilities?
a) Initiating a
preemptive nuclear strike
b) Achieving
global nuclear dominance
c) Maintaining
minimum credible deterrence
d) Using nuclear
weapons for offensive purposes
Answer: c)
Maintaining minimum credible deterrence
29. India's defense policy
aligns with its commitment to what kind of relationships with other countries?
a) Aggressive
military alliances
b) Collaborative
economic partnerships
c) Strategic
isolationism
d) Peaceful
coexistence and diplomacy
Answer: d)
Peaceful coexistence and diplomacy
30. India's defense policy
acknowledges the evolving nature of warfare by addressing:
a) Traditional
military threats only
b) Economic
challenges only
c) Cyber
threats, asymmetric warfare, and unconventional tactics
d) Geopolitical
alliances
Answer: c) Cyber
threats, asymmetric warfare, and unconventional tactics
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