Notes Chapter 6: Human Memory
1. Understanding Memory
- Memory is a complex system that involves encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
- Different types of memory:
- Sensory Memory: Brief retention of sensory information.
- Short-Term Memory: Limited capacity and duration; can be enhanced through strategies.
- Long-Term Memory: More permanent storage of information.
2. Memory Processes
- Encoding: The process of transforming information into a form that can be stored.
- Storage: Maintaining information over time.
- Retrieval: Accessing stored information when needed.
3. Forgetting
- Forgetting can occur due to:
- Interference: Similar information can disrupt recall.
- Stress and Anxiety: Can lead to temporary memory loss.
4. Enhancing Memory
- Mnemonics: Techniques to improve memory, including:
- Chunking: Grouping information into larger units.
- First Letter Technique: Using the first letters of words to form a memorable acronym (e.g., VIBGYOR for colors of the rainbow).
- Method of Loci: Associating items with specific locations in a familiar space.
5. Strategies for Improvement
- Deep Level Processing: Engaging with the material meaningfully to enhance retention.
- Minimise Interference: Avoid learning similar subjects consecutively; space out study sessions.
- Use Retrieval Cues: Create associations to aid recall.
- PQRST Method:
- Preview: Skim the material.
- Question: Formulate questions about the content.
- Read: Look for answers while reading.
- Self-Recitation: Summarize what you've learned.
- Test: Assess your understanding.
6. Factors Affecting Memory
- Health, motivation, interest, and familiarity with the subject matter can influence memory performance.
- No single method guarantees memory improvement; a combination of strategies is often necessary.
Conclusion
Improving memory involves understanding its processes and applying various strategies tailored to individual needs and contexts. Regular practice and engagement with the material can lead to better retention and recall.
S.NO | Chapter Name | Notes | MCQs |
1 | Introduction to Psychology | Click here | |
2 | Method of enquiry in Psychology | Click here | |
3 | Human development | Click here | |
4 | Sensory, attentional and perceptual process | ||
5 | Learning | Click here | |
6 | Human memory | Click here | |
7 | Thinking | ||
8 | Motivation and emotion | Click here | Click here |
Important MCQs of Class 11 Psychology Chapter 6 : Human Memory
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
-
What is the first stage of memory?
- A) Storage
- B) Retrieval
- C) Encoding
- D) Forgetting
Answer: C) Encoding
-
Which type of memory has a limited capacity and duration?
- A) Long-term Memory
- B) Short-term Memory
- C) Sensory Memory
- D) Working Memory
Answer: B) Short-term Memory
-
What does retrieval refer to in the context of memory?
- A) Storing information for future use
- B) Transforming information into a usable format
- C) Accessing stored information
- D) Forgetting information
Answer: C) Accessing stored information
-
Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?
- A) Declarative Memory
- B) Procedural Memory
- C) Sensory Memory
- D) Semantic Memory
Answer: C) Sensory Memory
-
What is the process of combining smaller units into larger chunks called?
- A) Encoding
- B) Chunking
- C) Retrieval
- D) Storage
Answer: B) Chunking
-
Which level of processing leads to better retention?
- A) Structural
- B) Phonetic
- C) Semantic
- D) Visual
Answer: C) Semantic
-
What is the primary cause of forgetting according to the chapter?
- A) Lack of interest
- B) Trace decay
- C) Overloading information
- D) Emotional stress
Answer: B) Trace decay
-
Which mnemonic technique involves using the first letters of words to form a new word?
- A) Method of Loci
- B) Chunking
- C) First Letter Technique
- D) Imagery
Answer: C) First Letter Technique
-
What does the PQRST method stand for?
- A) Preview, Question, Read, Summarize, Test
- B) Preview, Question, Read, Self-recitation, Test
- C) Plan, Question, Read, Study, Test
- D) Preview, Query, Read, Self-study, Test
Answer: B) Preview, Question, Read, Self-recitation, Test
-
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling personal experiences?
- A) Semantic Memory
- B) Procedural Memory
- C) Episodic Memory
- D) Declarative Memory
Answer: C) Episodic Memory
-
What is the term for the gradual loss of memory over time?
- A) Memory decay
- B) Forgetting
- C) Memory interference
- D) Memory retrieval failure
Answer: B) Forgetting
-
Which of the following is a strategy to minimize interference?
- A) Study similar subjects consecutively
- B) Take frequent breaks during study sessions
- C) Cram all information at once
- D) Avoid using retrieval cues
Answer: B) Take frequent breaks during study sessions
-
What is the role of retrieval cues in memory?
- A) They help in encoding information
- B) They facilitate the storage of information
- C) They assist in recalling stored information
- D) They prevent forgetting
Answer: C) They assist in recalling stored information
-
Which of the following is an example of procedural memory?
- A) Remembering a birthday
- B) Riding a bicycle
- C) Knowing the capital of a country
- D) Recalling a historical event
Answer: B) Riding a bicycle
-
What does elaborative rehearsal involve?
- A) Repeating information over and over
- B) Connecting new information to existing knowledge
- C) Memorizing through rote learning
- D) Using visual aids
Answer: B) Connecting new information to existing knowledge
-
Which of the following is a characteristic of sensory memory?
- A) Long duration
- B) High capacity
- C) Brief retention
- D) Permanent storage
Answer: C) Brief retention
-
What is the main focus of the levels of processing theory?
- A) The structure of memory
- B) The duration of memory
- C) The depth of processing information
- D) The types of memory
Answer: C) The depth of processing information
-
Which type of memory is involved in recalling facts and information?
- A) Procedural Memory
- B) Semantic Memory
- C) Episodic Memory
- D) Implicit Memory
Answer: B) Semantic Memory
-
What is the effect of stress on memory?
- A) It enhances memory retention
- B) It has no effect on memory
- C) It can lead to memory retrieval failure
- D) It improves encoding
Answer: C) It can lead to memory retrieval failure
-
Which of the following is a method to enhance memory through organization?
- A) Chunking
- B) Rote memorization
- C) Passive reading
- D) Random studying
Answer: A) Chunking
-
What is the primary function of working memory?
- A) Long-term storage of information
- B) Temporary holding and processing of information
- C) Sensory processing
- D) Automatic recall of information
Answer: B) Temporary holding and processing of information
-
Which of the following is an example of interference?
- A) Forgetting a friend's name after meeting someone new
- B) Remembering a song from childhood
- C) Recalling a recent event
- D) Learning a new language
Answer: A) Forgetting a friend's name after meeting someone new
-
What is the purpose of using mnemonics?
- A) To memorize information without understanding
- B) To enhance memory retention and recall
- C) To simplify complex information
- D) To eliminate the need for studying
Answer: B) To enhance memory retention and recall
-
Which of the following is a characteristic of long-term memory?
- A) Limited capacity
- B) Short duration
- C) Permanent storage
- D) Immediate recall
Answer: C) Permanent storage
-
What is the main cause of retrieval failure?
- A) Lack of interest
- B) Absence of appropriate cues
- C) Overlearning
- D) Stress
Answer: B) Absence of appropriate cues
-
Which type of rehearsal involves repeating information without thinking about its meaning?
- A) Elaborative rehearsal
- B) Maintenance rehearsal
- C) Active rehearsal
- D) Reflective rehearsal
Answer: B) Maintenance rehearsal
-
What is the effect of deep processing on memory?
- A) It decreases retention
- B) It has no effect on memory
- C) It enhances retention
- D) It complicates recall
Answer: C) It enhances retention
-
Which of the following is a strategy to improve memory?
- A) Cramming information
- B) Engaging in deep processing
- C) Avoiding breaks during study
- D) Learning similar subjects together
Answer: B) Engaging in deep processing
-
What is the term for memories that are not consciously recalled?
- A) Explicit Memory
- B) Implicit Memory
- C) Declarative Memory
- D) Procedural Memory
Answer: B) Implicit Memory
-
Which of the following best describes the nature of memory?
- A) Static and unchanging
- B) Dynamic and reconstructive
- C) Simple and straightforward
- D) Fixed and permanent
Answer: B) Dynamic and reconstructive
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