Chapter 7: Thinking
Nature of Thinking
- Thinking involves cognitive processes that help in problem-solving and decision-making.
- It encompasses various forms, including reasoning and creative thinking.
Lateral Thinking
- Developed by Edward de Bono to encourage mental leaps and diverse thinking.
- Six Thinking Hats Technique:
- White Hat: Focus on facts and information.
- Red Hat: Express feelings and emotions.
- Black Hat: Judgment and caution.
- Yellow Hat: Optimism and benefits.
- Green Hat: Creativity and alternatives.
- Blue Hat: Process control and organization of thinking.
Process of Creative Thinking
- Preparation Stage: Recognizing the need for new ideas.
- Incubation Stage: Taking a break from conscious thought; ideas may emerge unexpectedly.
- Illumination Stage: The "Aha!" moment when a creative idea surfaces.
- Verification Stage: Testing and evaluating the worth of the ideas generated.
Strategies for Creative Thinking
- Awareness: Be sensitive to surroundings and identify problems or gaps.
- Idea Generation: Produce multiple ideas and solutions for flexibility in thinking.
- Brainstorming: Separate idea generation from evaluation to enhance fluency and creativity.
Importance of Divergent Thinking
- Encourages looking at problems from multiple perspectives.
- Helps in generating alternative solutions and ideas.
Relationship Between Language and Thought
- Language development influences cognitive processes and vice versa.
- Bilingualism and multilingualism can enhance cognitive flexibility and creativity.
Key Takeaways
- Creative thinking is a structured process that can be enhanced through specific strategies.
- Lateral thinking techniques, like the Six Thinking Hats, provide frameworks for exploring different perspectives.
- Understanding the interplay between language and thought is crucial for cognitive development.
Also check other ⬇️:
S.NO | Chapter Name | Notes | MCQs |
1 | Introduction to Psychology | Click here | |
2 | Method of enquiry in Psychology | Click here | |
3 | Human development | Click here | |
4 | Sensory, attentional and perceptual process | ||
5 | Learning | Click here | |
6 | Human memory | Click here | |
7 | Thinking | ||
8 | Motivation and emotion |
Chapter 7: Thinking:
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
-
What is the primary function of thinking?
- A) Memorization
- B) Manipulation and analysis of information
- C) Physical activity
- D) Emotional expression
Answer: B) Manipulation and analysis of information
-
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of thinking?
- A) Abstract reasoning
- B) Problem-solving
- C) Emotional response
- D) Decision-making
Answer: C) Emotional response
-
What does 'mental set' refer to in problem-solving?
- A) A flexible approach to problems
- B) A fixed approach based on past experiences
- C) The ability to think creatively
- D) A method of evaluating solutions
Answer: B) A fixed approach based on past experiences
-
Which type of reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations?
- A) Inductive reasoning
- B) Deductive reasoning
- C) Creative reasoning
- D) Lateral reasoning
Answer: A) Inductive reasoning
-
In the Six Thinking Hats technique, which hat represents caution and judgment?
- A) White Hat
- B) Red Hat
- C) Black Hat
- D) Green Hat
Answer: C) Black Hat
-
What is the first stage of the creative thinking process?
- A) Incubation
- B) Illumination
- C) Preparation
- D) Verification
Answer: C) Preparation
-
Which of the following is a hindrance to effective problem-solving?
- A) Motivation
- B) Functional fixedness
- C) Divergent thinking
- D) Creativity
Answer: B) Functional fixedness
-
What does 'divergent thinking' refer to?
- A) Generating multiple ideas and solutions
- B) Following a linear thought process
- C) Arriving at a single solution
- D) Evaluating the best option
Answer: A) Generating multiple ideas and solutions
-
Which stage of the creative thinking process is characterized by a sudden realization of a solution?
- A) Preparation
- B) Incubation
- C) Illumination
- D) Verification
Answer: C) Illumination
-
What is the relationship between judgment and decision-making?
- A) They are completely unrelated processes.
- B) Judgment is a part of the decision-making process.
- C) Decision-making occurs before judgment.
- D) They are the same process.
Answer: B) Judgment is a part of the decision-making process.
-
Which cognitive process is directed towards finding a solution to a specific problem?
- A) Reasoning
- B) Judgment
- C) Problem-solving
- D) Decision-making
Answer: C) Problem-solving
-
What is the role of language in thinking?
- A) It has no role in thinking.
- B) It restricts cognitive flexibility.
- C) It enhances cognitive abilities and creativity.
- D) It only affects verbal communication.
Answer: C) It enhances cognitive abilities and creativity.
-
Which of the following is an example of creative thinking?
- A) Following a recipe
- B) Solving a math problem using a formula
- C) Developing a new marketing strategy
- D) Memorizing historical dates
Answer: C) Developing a new marketing strategy
-
What is the incubation stage in the creative thinking process?
- A) Actively working on a problem
- B) Taking a break from conscious thought
- C) Testing and evaluating ideas
- D) Generating new ideas
Answer: B) Taking a break from conscious thought
-
Which cognitive process involves making evaluations about objects or events?
- A) Problem-solving
- B) Reasoning
- C) Judgment
- D) Decision-making
Answer: C) Judgment
-
What is the purpose of brainstorming in creative thinking?
- A) To evaluate ideas
- B) To generate multiple ideas without judgment
- C) To follow a structured approach
- D) To arrive at a single solution
Answer: B) To generate multiple ideas without judgment
-
Which of the following is a characteristic of creative thinking?
- A) Conformity
- B) Originality
- C) Rigidity
- D) Predictability
Answer: B) Originality
-
What does the term 'functional fixedness' refer to?
- A) The ability to think outside the box
- B) The inability to see alternative uses for an object
- C) A flexible approach to problem-solving
- D) The process of evaluating solutions
Answer: B) The inability to see alternative uses for an object
-
Which type of reasoning is goal-directed and involves inference?
- A) Inductive reasoning
- B) Deductive reasoning
- C) Creative reasoning
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
-
What is the final stage of the creative thinking process?
- A) Preparation
- B) Incubation
- C) Illumination
- D) Verification
Answer: D) Verification
-
Which hat in the Six Thinking Hats technique focuses on facts and information?
- A) Red Hat
- B) White Hat
- C) Black Hat
- D) Yellow Hat
Answer: B) White Hat
-
What is the main goal of decision-making?
- A) To generate ideas
- B) To choose among several alternatives
- C) To evaluate solutions
- D) To solve a problem
Answer: B) To choose among several alternatives
-
Which of the following is a benefit of bilingualism?
- A) Decreased cognitive flexibility
- B) Enhanced creativity
- C) Limited language skills
- D) Reduced problem-solving abilities
Answer: B) Enhanced creativity
-
What is the role of curiosity in the thinking process?
- A) It hinders problem-solving.
- B) It encourages exploration and idea generation.
- C) It leads to confusion.
- D) It is irrelevant to thinking.
Answer: B) It encourages exploration and idea generation.
-
Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
- A) All humans are mortal; Socrates is a human; therefore, Socrates is mortal.
- B) The sun rises in the east; therefore, it will rise tomorrow.
- C) I have seen swans that are white; therefore, all swans are white.
- D) The weather is warm today; it will be warm tomorrow.
Answer: A) All humans are mortal; Socrates is a human; therefore, Socrates is mortal.
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What is the significance of the verification stage in creative thinking?
- A) It generates new ideas.
- B) It tests the worth of ideas or solutions.
- C) It leads to the incubation of ideas.
- D) It focuses on emotional responses.
Answer: B) It tests the worth of ideas or solutions.
-
Which cognitive process is primarily concerned with finding solutions to specific problems?
- A) Reasoning
- B) Judgment
- C) Problem-solving
- D) Decision-making
Answer: C) Problem-solving
-
What is the primary focus of reasoning in the context of thinking?
- A) Generating ideas
- B) Making inferences and conclusions
- C) Evaluating emotions
- D) Following a fixed approach
Answer: B) Making inferences and conclusions
-
Which of the following best describes creative thinking?
- A) Following established rules
- B) Producing something new and original
- C) Relying on past experiences
- D) Solving problems using formulas
Answer: B) Producing something new and original
-
What is the impact of language development on cognitive processes?
- A) It has no impact.
- B) It restricts cognitive flexibility.
- C) It enhances cognitive abilities and creativity.
- D) It only affects verbal communication.
Answer: C) It enhances cognitive abilities and creativity.
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